Which of the following is a consistent determining factor in union agreements in the United States?

Which of the following is a consistent determining factor in union agreements in the United States?
A . A no-strike clause in which the union agrees that during the life of the contract employees will not engage in strikes but will submit to a grievance arbitration provision
B . Union security agreements in the form of union shops and agency shops
C . Seniority systems that give special benefits to members based on the length of service within which an employee has been a union member working in a union job.
D . Clauses where the employer and union agree to compel employees to join the union and pay dues
in a bid to eliminate the "free rider" problem

Answer: C

Explanation:

A consistent determining factor in union agreements in the USA is seniority where collective bargaining agreements base employee benefits, promotions, and raises on seniority. Note that right-to-work states prohibit union security agreements that require an employee to join a union or pay union dues.