Which of the following test organizations has the highest level of independence?

Which of the following test organizations has the highest level of independence?
A . Independent testers within the development teams
B . Independent testers from the user community
C . Independent test specialists for specific test types, such as usability, performance or certification test specialists
D . Code tested by another developer from the development team

Answer: C

Explanation:

The test organization that has the highest level of independence is C. Independent test specialists for specific test types, such as usability, performance or certification test specialists. Test independence refers to the degree of separation between the tester and the developer or user of the system or component under test. Test independence can help to reduce bias and increase objectivity in testing. Independent test specialists are testers who have specialized skills and knowledge in specific test types or domains and who are not involved in the development or use of the system or component under test. Independent test specialists can provide more reliable and accurate results than testers who are part of the development team or user community. A detailed explanation of test independence can be found in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], pages 9-10.

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