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1. The data validation step stresses the need for a knowledgeable individual.

To comparing data from the inspections to the expected deterioration mechanism and rates

To compare the results with previous measurements on that system

Similar systems at the site or within the company or published data

All of the above

2. Following are the critical variables for deterioration mechanism except

Material of construction

Process operating

Start up and shut down conditions

Insulation

3. If a qra has been prepared for a process unit, the analysis can borrow extensively from this effort.

Rbi consequence

Rbi likelihood

Rbi probability

4. If the probability and consequence combination (risk) is high enough to be unacceptable, then

A mitigation action to predict or prevent the eventis recommended.

A mitigation action to predict or prevent the event isnot recommended

Warrant to analyze risks involved

5. A Rbi analysis shares many of the techniques and data requirements with a____________.

Qra

Pha

Hazop

Event tree

6. CORRECT TEXT

..............Produces inspection and maintenance plans for equipment that shouldbe implemented to provide...............and................

7. Following are some of the recognized risks which cannot be managed by inspection alone except one

Equipment nearing retirement

Failure mechanisms (such as brittle fracture, fatigue) where avoidance of failure primarily depends on operating within a defined pressure/temperature envelope

Consequence-dominated risks

The suitability and current condition of the equipment within the current operating envelope will determine the probability of failure (pof) of the equipment from one or more deterioration mechanisms

8. Potential hazards identified in a pha will often affect the

Probability of failure side of the risk equation.

Consequence of failure side of the equation

9. In RBI most of the probability assessment will be

Only quality assessment

Only quantity assessment

Blend of quality and quantity assessment

10. The primary audience for rp 580 is

Inspection and materials engineering personnel

Maintenance personnel

Only inspection personnel

Only materials engineering personnel

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11. ___________is usually not the primaryobjective of a rabiassessment, but it is frequently a side effect of optimization.

Reducing inspection costs

Increasing inspection costs

Increasing frequency of inspection programs

12. Probability of failure analysis is made from

Loss of containment that occurs due to deterioration mechanism

Consequences of the failure

Done just with previous experience

All the above

13. If multiple inspections have been performed, which inspection may best reflect current operating conditions?

Most recent inspection

Base line inspection survey

Process conditions

Corrosion survey

14. The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to mechanical and metallurgical deterioration

Smallholes to ruptures

Cracks

Catastrophic ruptures

Leaks

15. Hazard identification in a rbi analysis generally focuses on identifiable failure mechanisms in the equipment (inspectable causes) but does not explicitly deal with

Other potential failure scenarios resulting from events such as power S failures or human errors

Other potential failure resulting from events such as flammable fire due to leak from equipment

Environmental impact caused due to toxic release

16. Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (rem), can be linked with rbi, resulting in an integrated program to

Reducedowntime in an operating unit

Reduce operating time of a unit

To reduce risk by mitigation activities

17. Some failures have potentially serious consequences, but if the probabilityof the incident is low, then

The risk may not warrant immediate action

The risk may warrant immediate action

The risk may warrant appropriate mitigation action

18. Fora typical inspection program, if excessive inspectionis applied then,

Level of risk may go up

Level of risk may go down

Level of risk remain the same

19. Act of mitigating a known risk to a lower level of risk.

Risk reduction

Risk mitigation

Risk evaluation

20. When in accurate or insufficient failure data exists on the specific equipment item for quantative probability of failure analysis then

General industry, company or manufacturer failure data used

Process hazard analysis failure data may be used

Process and toxic concentration analysis may be used

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21. Process to find, list, and characterize elements of risk

Risk estimation

Risk evaluation

Risk identification

22. The models are evaluated_____________to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights about the level of risk and to identify the design, site, or operational characteristics that are the most important to risk

Probabilistically

Statistically

Linearly

Logically

23. When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk, one or more of the following cost reduction benefits may be realized. Except one

Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be eliminated

Effective, necessary or appropriate inspection activities maybe eliminated

On-line or non-invasive inspection methods may be substituted for invasive methods that require equipment shutdown

More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less effective frequent inspections

24. Qualitative analysis is done and the outcome will be

Exact number

High, medium and low or range

Only in report

25. Rbi is focused on a systematic determination of

Relative risks

Absolute risks

Comparable risks

Total risks

26. If a very aggressive acid is carried over from a corrosion resistant part of a system into a downstream vessel that is made of carbon steel, the result would be

Rapid corrosion could result in failure in a few hours or days.

General corrosion over a period of time could result in metal loss

No deterioration will take place since carbon steel is resistent to aggressive acid

27. Probability side of the risk equation is normally managed by

Plant inspectors or inspection engineers

Maintenance planning engineers

Process safety personnel

Both a and b

28. _____________represents the next generation of inspection approachesand interval setting, recognizing that the ultimate goal of inspection is the safety and reliability of operating facilities

Rbi

Pha

Hazop

Rcm

29. No deterioration found in the inspection program but still failure can occur under the following conditions.

During plant construction period

As a result of change or process upset condition

All the above

30. Limitation of any negative consequence or reduction in probability of a particular event

Mitigation

Reduction

Residual

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31. ______________ provides a consistent methodology for assessing the optimum combination of methods and frequencies.

Rbi

Rem

Pha

Hazop

32. A physical condition or a release of a hazardous material that could result from component failure and result in human injury or death, loss or damage, or environ- mental degradation

Hazard

Loss

Failure

33. Following is the unit of measure of consequence that is least developed among those currently used for rbi assessment

Affected area

Cost

Environmental damage

Safety

34. Risk presented in quantitative risk analysis as a

Precise numeric value

Form of risk matrix

Form of event tree and fault tree

35. The program that is focused on understanding failure modes, addressing the modes and therefore improving the reliability of equipment and process facilities.

Rbi

Pha

Rem

Hazop

36. Sec occurs when equipment is exposed to environments

Conducive to certain cracking mechanisms

Unfavorable to certain cracking mechanisms

Unbeneficial to certain cracking mechanisms

37. Through__________________, inspection activities arefocusedonhigher risk items and away from lower risk items.

Rbi

Pha

Rem

Hazop

38. Following are the non-inspection mitigation actions except one

Replacement or upgrade

Equipment redesign

Maintenance of strict controls on operating conditions

Risk management by monitoring the deterioration

39. Consequence side of the risk equation is normally managed by

Inspection alone

Process safety personnel

Management

B&C

40. ______________to be established to judge acceptability of risk couldhe an objective of the rbi assessment if such criteria do not exist already within the user's company.

Risk criteria

Risk plan

Risk analysis

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41. _________________curves are referred for the deterioration mechanismfor carbon and low ally steel materials.

Nelson curves

Ph concentration curves

Schmidt curves for sulfide corrosion

42. The following assumption can bemade that significantly impact the calculated corrosion rate early in the equipment life

If the base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the original thickness

If original thickness not available, averaged ut thickness readings may be used

If the original thickness not available, maximum utthickness readings may be used

43. Rbi requires the commitment and cooperation of the

Total organization

Inspection

Maintenance

Materials engineering

44. The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to ssc

Small holes to rupture

Small holes

Cracks

Only rupture

45. The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by the following except

By equipment complexity

Type of deterioration mechanism, process and metallurgical variations

Inaccessibility for inspection, limitations of inspection and test methods

Lack of coverage of an area subject to deterioration

None of the above

46. Method used for consequence analysis should demonstrate the ability to provide

Just an analysis

No output is required

The required level of discrimination between higher and lower consequence equipment items.

47. Who can provide useful input (such as the spectrum of process conditions, injection points etc.) To aid materials specialists in the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates

Process specialists

Plant operation specialists

Asset integrity experts

Inspection engineers

48. Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (rcm), can be linked with rbi, resulting in an integrated program to

Reduce downtime in an operating unit

Reduce operating time of a unit

To reduce risk by mitigation activities

49. Thing or activity with a potential for con- sequence

Source

Hazard

Toxic

50. A process to assess risks, to determine if risk reduction is required and to develop a plan to maintain risks at an acceptable level

Risk management

Risk mitigation

Risk control

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51. In the event of a leak the potential failure of an isolation valve could

Increase the inventory

Decrease the inventory

No harm to inventory

52. Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or component to perform its required function of containment of fluid (le loss of containment)

Failure

Risk

Outcome

53. Generally, a qualitative analysisusingbroad ranges requiresa__________________from the user than a quantitative approach.

Higher level of judgment, skill and understanding

Lower level of judgment, skill and understanding

54. Failure mode can primarily affects the

Magnitude

Consequences

A&B

55. Rbimay include methodologiestoassess the effectiveness of the management systems in maintaining

Mechanical integrity

Total asset integrity

Plant integrity

56. The primary work products of the rbi assessment and management approach and implementation of rbi provides

Overall reduction of risk and acceptance of current risk

Overall increase of risk and acceptance of risk

Overall reduction of risk and negligence of current risk

Overall increase of risk and negligence of current risk

57. The amount and type of codes and standards used by a facility can have

Significant impact on rbi results

No impact on rbi results

Less significant impact on rbi results

58. If the material of construction and internal/external conditions are the same

Inspection results can be related from one equipment can be related to the other equipment

We cannot do that, since we do not know about it

Need to consult Equipment Engineer for final decision

59. When equipment has low deterioration rates as an inspector what you decide in lieu of internal inspection.

On-stream inspection

Out of service inspection

External inspection

60. Potential source of errors in rbi analysis regarding data quality are the following except

Assumptions in equipment history

Outdated drawings and documentation

Inspector error

Advanced inspection methods

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61. Methods that use engineering judgment and experience as the bases for the analysis of probabilities and consequences of failure

Quantitative risk analysis

Qualitative risk analysis

Process hazard analysis

62. _______________in a safety context is a hazard.

Source

Toxic

63. The event may be

Singular or multiple

Certain or uncertain

Loss or gain

Negative or positive

64. In process plants are established to detect and evaluate deterioration due to in service operation.

Inspection and testing programs

Condition monitoring programs

Preventive maintenance programs

In service inspection programs

65. The suitability and current condition of the equipment withinthecurrent operating envelope will determine the ______________ of the equipment from one or more deterioration mechanisms.

Probability of failure (pot)

Consequence of failure

Total risk

Relative risk

66. Depending on the methodology employed in qualitative analysis, the categories may be described with words such as

High, medium or low or may have numerical descriptors.

High, medium or low only

Numerical descriptors only

67. CORRECT TEXT

Rbi as an integrated management tool that complements.

68. Rbi may include methodologies to assess the effectiveness ofthe management systems in maintaining

Mechanical integrity

Total asset integrity

Plant integrity

69. Deterioration for specific process equipmentis not available, this can be sourced from

Published data

Experience with other similar equipment

Previous inspection data

All the above