Microsoft DP-420 Designing and Implementing Cloud-Native Applications Using Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Online Training

Topic 1: Litware, inc

Case Study

This is a case study. Case studies are not timed separately. You can use as much exam time as you would like to complete each case. However, there may be additional case studies and sections on this exam. You must manage your time to ensure that you are able to complete all questions included on this exam in the time provided.

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Overview

Litware, Inc. is a United States-based grocery retailer. Litware has a main office and a primary datacenter in Seattle. The company has 50 retail stores across the United States and an emerging online presence. Each store connects directly to the internet.

Existing environment. Cloud and Data Service Environments.

Litware has an Azure subscription that contains the resources shown in the following table.

Each container in productdb is configured for manual throughput.

The con-product container stores the company’s product catalog data. Each document in con-product includes a con-productvendor value. Most queries targeting the data in con-product are in the following format.

SELECT * FROM con-product p WHERE p.con-productVendor – ‘name’

Most queries targeting the data in the con-productVendor container are in the following format

SELECT * FROM con-productVendor pv

ORDER BY pv.creditRating, pv.yearFounded

Existing environment. Current Problems.

Litware identifies the following issues:

Updates to product categories in the con-productVendor container do not propagate automatically to documents in the con-product container.

Application updates in con-product frequently cause HTTP status code 429 "Too many requests". You discover that the 429 status code relates to excessive request unit (RU) consumption during the updates.

Requirements. Planned Changes

Litware plans to implement a new Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account named account2 that will contain a database named iotdb. The iotdb database will contain two containers named con-iot1 and con-iot2.

Litware plans to make the following changes:

Store the telemetry data in account2.

Configure account1 to support multiple read-write regions.

Implement referential integrity for the con-product container.

Use Azure Functions to send notifications about product updates to different recipients. Develop an app named App1 that will run from all locations and query the data in account1. Develop an app named App2 that will run from the retail stores and query the data in account2. App2 must be limited to a single DNS endpoint when accessing account2.

Requirements. Business Requirements

Litware identifies the following business requirements:

Whenever there are multiple solutions for a requirement, select the solution that provides the best performance, as long as there are no additional costs associated. Ensure that Azure Cosmos DB costs for IoT-related processing are predictable.

Minimize the number of firewall changes in the retail stores.

Requirements. Product Catalog Requirements

Litware identifies the following requirements for the product catalog:

Implement a custom conflict resolution policy for the product catalog data.

Minimize the frequency of errors during updates of the con-product container.

Once multi-region writes are configured, maximize the performance of App1 queries against the data in account1.

Trigger the execution of two Azure functions following every update to any document in the con-product container.

You are troubleshooting the current issues caused by the application updates.

Which action can address the application updates issue without affecting the functionality of the application?

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You need to select the partition key for con-iot1. The solution must meet the IoT telemetry requirements.

What should you select?

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You need to identify which connectivity mode to use when implementing App2. The solution must support the planned changes and meet the business requirements.

Which connectivity mode should you identify?

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You configure multi-region writes for account1.

You need to ensure that App1 supports the new configuration for account1. The solution must meet the business requirements and the product catalog requirements.

What should you do?

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You need to provide a solution for the Azure Functions notifications following updates to con-product. The solution must meet the business requirements and the product catalog requirements.

Which two actions should you perform? Each correct answer presents part of the solution. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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You need to implement a solution to meet the product catalog requirements.

What should you do to implement the conflict resolution policy.

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HOTSPOT

You need to recommend indexes for con-product and con-productVendor. The solution must meet the product catalog requirements and the business requirements.

Which type of index should you recommend for each container? To answer, select the appropriate options in the answer area. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Topic 2, Misc. Questions

You have an application named App1 that reads the data in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account. App1 runs the same read queries every minute. The default consistency level for the account is set to eventual.

You discover that every query consumes request units (RUs) instead of using the cache.

You verify the IntegratedCacheiteItemHitRate metric and the IntegratedCacheQueryHitRate metric.

Both metrics have values of 0.

You verify that the dedicated gateway cluster is provisioned and used in the connection string.

You need to ensure that App1 uses the Azure Cosmos DB integrated cache.

What should you configure?

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HOTSPOT

You provision Azure resources by using the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: No

An alert is triggered when the DB key is regenerated, not when it is used.

Note: The az cosmosdb keys regenerate command regenerates an access key for a Azure Cosmos DB

database account.

Box 2: No

Only an SMS action will be taken.

Emailreceivers is empty so no email action is taken.

Box 3: Yes

Yes, an alert is triggered when the DB key is regenerated.

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/cosmosdb/keys

HOTSPOT

You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account named account1 that has the disableKeyBasedMetadataWriteAccess property enabled.

You are developing an app named App1 that will be used by a user named DevUser1 to create containers in account1. DevUser1 has a non-privileged user account in the Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenant.

You need to ensure that DevUser1 can use App1 to create containers in account1.

What should you do? To answer, select the appropriate options in the answer area. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: Resource tokens

Resource tokens provide access to the application resources within a database. Resource tokens: Provide access to specific containers, partition keys, documents, attachments, stored procedures, triggers, and UDFs.

Box 2: Azure Resource Manager API

You can use Azure Resource Manager to help deploy and manage your Azure Cosmos DB accounts, databases, and containers.

Incorrect Answers:

The Microsoft Graph API is a RESTful web API that enables you to access Microsoft Cloud service resources.

Reference:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/secure-access-to-data

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/resources/

HOTSPOT

You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) account that has a single write region in West Europe.

You run the following Azure CLI script.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: Yes

The Automatic failover option allows Azure Cosmos DB to failover to the region with the highest failover priority with no user action should a region become unavailable.

Box 2: No

West Europe is used for failover. Only North Europe is writable. To Configure multi-region set UseMultipleWriteLocations to true.

Box 3: Yes

Provisioned throughput with single write region costs $0.008/hour per 100 RU/s and provisioned throughput with multiple writable regions costs $0.016/per hour per 100 RU/s.

You are developing an application that will use an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account as a data source.

You need to create a report that displays the top five most ordered fruits as shown in the following table.

A collection that contains aggregated data already exists.

The following is a sample document:

{

"name": "apple",

"type": ["fruit", "exotic"],

"orders": 10000

}

Which two queries can you use to retrieve data for the report? Each correct answer presents a complete solution. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

A)

B)

C)

D)

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HOTSPOT

You have a database in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

You plan to create a container that will store employee data for 5,000 small businesses. Each business will have up to 25 employees. Each employee item will have an email Address value.

You need to ensure that the email Address value for each employee within the same company is unique.

To what should you set the partition key and the unique key? To answer, select the appropriate options in the answer area. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: CompanyID

After you create a container with a unique key policy, the creation of a new or an update of an existing item resulting in a duplicate within a logical partition is prevented, as specified by the unique key constraint. The partition key combined with the unique key guarantees the uniqueness of an item within the scope of the container.

For example, consider an Azure Cosmos container with Email address as the unique key constraint and CompanyID as the partition key. When you configure the user’s email address with a unique key, each item has a unique email address within a given CompanyID. Two items can’t be created with duplicate email addresses and with the same partition key value.

Box 2: emailAddress

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/unique-keys

HOTSPOT

You have a container named container1 in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account. The container1 container has 120 GB of data.

The following is a sample of a document in container1.

The orderId property is used as the partition key.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: Yes

Records with different OrderIDs will match.

Box 2: Yes

Records with different OrderIDs will match.

Box 3: No

Only records with one specific OrderId will match

You are designing an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API solution to store data from IoT devices. Writes from the devices will be occur every second.

The following is a sample of the data.

You need to select a partition key that meets the following requirements for writes:

Minimizes the partition skew

Avoids capacity limits

Avoids hot partitions

What should you do?

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You maintain a relational database for a book publisher.

The database contains the following tables.

The most common query lists the books for a given authorId.

You need to develop a non-relational data model for Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API that will replace the relational database. The solution must minimize latency and read operation costs.

What should you include in the solution?

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You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

You run the following query against a container in the account.

SELECT

IS_NUMBER("1234") AS A,

IS_NUMBER(1234) AS B,

IS_NUMBER({prop: 1234}) AS C

What is the output of the query?

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You need to implement a trigger in Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API that will run before an item is inserted into a container.

Which two actions should you perform to ensure that the trigger runs? Each correct answer presents part of the solution. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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HOTSPOT

You have a container in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

You need to use the Azure Cosmos DB SDK to replace a document by using optimistic concurrency.

What should you include in the code? To answer, select the appropriate options in the answer area. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: ConsistencyLevel

The ItemRequestOptions Class ConsistencyLevel property gets or sets the consistency level required for the request in the Azure Cosmos DB service.

Azure Cosmos DB offers 5 different consistency levels. Strong, Bounded Staleness, Session, Consistent Prefix and Eventual – in order of strongest to weakest consistency.

Box 2: _etag

The ItemRequestOptions class helped us implement optimistic concurrency by specifying that we wanted the SDK to use the If-Match header to allow the server to decide whether a resource should be updated. The If-Match value is the ETag value to be checked against. If the ETag value matches the server ETag value, the resource is updated.

Reference:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.azure.cosmos.itemrequestoptions

https://cosmosdb.github.io/labs/dotnet/labs/10-concurrency-control.html

HOTSPOT

You are creating a database in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account. The database will be used by an application that will provide users with the ability to share online posts. Users will also be able to submit comments on other users’ posts.

You need to store the data shown in the following table.

The application has the following characteristics:

Users can submit an unlimited number of posts.

The average number of posts submitted by a user will be more than 1,000.

Posts can have an unlimited number of comments from different users.

The average number of comments per post will be 100, but many posts will exceed 1,000 comments.

Users will be limited to having a maximum of 20 interests.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: Yes

Non-relational data increases write costs, but can decrease read costs.

Box 2: Yes

Non-relational data increases write costs, but can decrease read costs.

Box 3: No

Non-relational data increases write costs, but can decrease read costs.

DRAG DROP

You have an app that stores data in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account The app performs queries that return large result sets.

You need to return a complete result set to the app by using pagination. Each page of results must return 80 items.

Which three actions should you perform in sequence? To answer, move the appropriate actions from the list of actions to the answer area and arrange them in the correct order.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Step 1: Configure the MaxItemCount in QueryRequestOptions

You can specify the maximum number of items returned by a query by setting the MaxItemCount. The MaxItemCount is specified per request and tells the query engine to return that number of items or fewer.

Box 2: Run the query and provide a continuation token

In the .NET SDK and Java SDK you can optionally use continuation tokens as a bookmark for your query’s progress. Azure Cosmos DB query executions are stateless at the server side and can be resumed at any time using the continuation token.

If the query returns a continuation token, then there are additional query results.

Step 3: Append the results to a variable

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/sql/sql-query-pagination

Note: This question is part of a series of questions that present the same scenario. Each question in the series contains a unique solution that might meet the stated goals. Some question sets might have more than one correct solution, while others might not have a correct solution.

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You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account named account 1 that uses autoscale throughput.

You need to run an Azure function when the normalized request units per second for a container in account1 exceeds a specific value.

Solution: You configure an Azure Monitor alert to trigger the function.

Does this meet the goal?

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You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account named account 1 that uses autoscale throughput.

You need to run an Azure function when the normalized request units per second for a container in account1 exceeds a specific value.

Solution: You configure the function to have an Azure CosmosDB trigger.

Does this meet the goal?

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You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account named account 1 that uses auto scale throughput.

You need to run an Azure function when the normalized request units per second for a container in account1 exceeds a specific value.

Solution: You configure an application to use the change feed processor to read the change feed and you configure the application to trigger the function.

Does this meet the goal?

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You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account named account 1 that uses auto scale throughput.

You need to run an Azure function when the normalized request units per second for a container in account1 exceeds a specific value.

Solution: You configure an application to use the change feed processor to read the change feed and you configure the application to trigger the function.

Does this meet the goal?

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730610 and longitude: -73.935242.

Administrative effort must be minimized to implement the solution.

What should you configure for each container? To answer, drag the appropriate configurations to the correct containers. Each configuration may be used once, more than once, or not at all. You may need to drag the split bar between panes or scroll to view content. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: Last Write Wins (LWW) (default) mode

Last Write Wins (LWW): This resolution policy, by default, uses a system-defined timestamp property.

It’s based on the time-synchronization clock protocol.

Box 2: Merge Procedures (custom) mode

Custom: This resolution policy is designed for application-defined semantics for reconciliation of conflicts. When you set this policy on your Azure Cosmos container, you also need to register a merge stored procedure. This procedure is automatically invoked when conflicts are detected under a database transaction on the server. The system provides exactly once guarantee for the execution of a merge procedure as part of the commitment protocol.

Reference:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/conflict-resolution-policies

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/sql/how-to-manage-conflicts

You have a container in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account. The container stores telemetry data from IoT devices. The container uses telemetryId as the partition key and has a throughput of 1,000 request units per second (RU/s). Approximately 5,000 IoT devices submit data every five minutes by using the same telemetryId value.

You have an application that performs analytics on the data and frequently reads telemetry data for a single IoT device to perform trend analysis.

The following is a sample of a document in the container.

You need to reduce the amount of request units (RUs) consumed by the analytics application.

What should you do?

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HOTSPOT

You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account named storage1 that uses provisioned throughput capacity mode.

The storage1 account contains the databases shown in the following table.

The databases contain the containers shown in the following table.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: No

Four containers with 1000 RU/s each.

Box 2: No

Max 8000 RU/s for db2. 8 containers, so 1000 RU/s for each container.

Box 3: Yes

Max 8000 RU/s for db2. 8 containers, so 1000 RU/s for each container. Can very well add an additional container.

Reference:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/plan-manage-costs

https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/cosmos-db/

HOTSPOT

You have a database named telemetry in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account that stores IoT data. The database contains two containers named readings and devices.

Documents in readings have the following structure.

id

deviceid

timestamp

ownerid

measures (array)

– type

– value

– metricid

Documents in devices have the following structure.

id

deviceid

owner

– ownerid

– emailaddress

– name brand model

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: Yes

Need to join readings and devices.

Box 2: No

Only readings is required. All required fields are in readings.

Box 3: No

Only devices is required. All required fields are in devices.

The settings for a container in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account are configured as shown in the following exhibit.

Which statement describes the configuration of the container?

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You have an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account that uses a custom conflict resolution policy.

The account has a registered merge procedure that throws a runtime exception.

The runtime exception prevents conflicts from being resolved.

You need to use an Azure function to resolve the conflicts.

What should you use?

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The following is a sample of a document in orders.

The orders container uses customer as the partition key.

You need to provide a report of the total items ordered per month by item type.

The solution must meet the following requirements:

Ensure that the report can run as quickly as possible.

Minimize the consumption of request units (RUs).

What should you do?

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HOTSPOT

You have three containers in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account as shown in the following table.

You have the following Azure functions:

A function named Fn1 that reads the change feed of cn1

A function named Fn2 that reads the change feed of cn2

A function named Fn3 that reads the change feed of cn3

You perform the following actions:

Delete an item named item1 from cn1.

Update an item named item2 in cn2.

For an item named item3 in cn3, update the item time to live to 3,600 seconds.

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: No

Azure Cosmos DB’s change feed is a great choice as a central data store in event sourcing architectures where all data ingestion is modeled as writes (no updates or deletes).

Note: The change feed does not capture deletes. If you delete an item from your container, it is also removed from the change feed. The most common method of handling this is adding a soft marker on the items that are being deleted. You can add a property called "deleted" and set it to "true" at the time of deletion. This document update will show up in the change feed. You can set a TTL on this item so that it can be automatically deleted later.

Box 2: No

The _etag format is internal and you should not take dependency on it, because it can change anytime.

Box 3: Yes

Change feed support in Azure Cosmos DB works by listening to an Azure Cosmos container for any changes.

Reference:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/sql/change-feed-design-patterns

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/change-feed

HOTSPOT

You configure Azure Cognitive Search to index a container in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account as shown in the following exhibit.

Use the drop-down menus to select the answer choice that completes each statement based on the information presented in the graphic. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: country

The country field is filterable.

Note: filterable: Indicates whether to enable the field to be referenced in $filter queries.

Filterable differs from searchable in how strings are handled. Fields of type Edm.String or Collection (Edm.String) that are filterable do not undergo lexical analysis, so comparisons are for exact matches only.

Box 2: name

The name field is not Retrievable.

Retrievable: Indicates whether the field can be returned in a search result. Set this attribute to false if you want to use a field (for example, margin) as a filter, sorting, or scoring mechanism but do not want the field to be visible to the end user.

Note: searchable: Indicates whether the field is full-text searchable and can be referenced in search queries.

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/searchservice/create-index

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You have a container named container1 in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

You need to make the contents of container1 available as reference data for an Azure Stream Analytics job.

Solution: You create an Azure Synapse pipeline that uses Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API as the input and Azure Blob Storage as the output.

Does this meet the goal?

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questions will not appear in the review screen.

You have a container named container1 in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

You need to make the contents of container1 available as reference data for an Azure Stream Analytics job.

Solution: You create an Azure Data Factory pipeline that uses Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API as the

input and Azure Blob Storage as the output.

Does this meet the goal?

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Note: This question is part of a series of questions that present the same scenario. Each question in the series contains a unique solution that might meet the stated goals. Some question sets might have more than one correct solution, while others might not have a correct solution.

After you answer a question in this section, you will NOT be able to return to it. As a result, these questions will not appear in the review screen.

You have a container named container1 in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

You need to make the contents of container1 available as reference data for an Azure Stream Analytics job.

Solution: You create an Azure function that uses Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API change feed as a

trigger and Azure event hub as the output.

Does this meet the goal?

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HOTSPOT

You have the indexing policy shown in the following exhibit.

Use the drop-down menus to select the answer choice that answers each question based on the information presented in the graphic. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: ORDER BY c.name DESC, c.age DESC

Queries that have an ORDER BY clause with two or more properties require a composite index.

The following considerations are used when using composite indexes for queries with an ORDER BY clause with two or more properties:

If the composite index paths do not match the sequence of the properties in the ORDER BY clause, then the composite index can’t support the query.

The order of composite index paths (ascending or descending) should also match the order in the ORDER BY clause.

The composite index also supports an ORDER BY clause with the opposite order on all paths.

Box 2: At the same time as the item creation

Azure Cosmos DB supports two indexing modes:

Consistent: The index is updated synchronously as you create, update or delete items. This means that the consistency of your read queries will be the consistency configured for the account.

None: Indexing is disabled on the container.

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/index-policy

You have a container named container1 in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

Upserts of items in container1 occur every three seconds.

You have an Azure Functions app named function1 that is supposed to run whenever items are inserted or replaced in container1.

You discover that function1 runs, but not on every upsert.

You need to ensure that function1 processes each upsert within one second of the upsert.

Which property should you change in the Function.json file of function1?

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HOTSPOT

You have a container named container1 in an Azure Cosmos DB Core (SQL) API account.

The following is a sample of a document in container1.

{

"studentId": "631282",

"firstName": "James",

"lastName": "Smith",

"enrollmentYear": 1990,

"isActivelyEnrolled": true,

"address": {

"street": "",

"city": "",

"stateProvince": "",

"postal": "",

}

}

The container1 container has the following indexing policy.

{

"indexingMode": "consistent",

"includePaths": [

{

"path": "/*"

},

{

"path": "/address/city/?"

}

],

"excludePaths": [

{

"path": "/address/*"

},

{

"path": "/firstName/?"

}

]

}

For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

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Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Box 1: Yes

"path": "/*" is in includePaths.

Include the root path to selectively exclude paths that don’t need to be indexed. This is the recommended approach as it lets Azure Cosmos DB proactively index any new property that may be added to your model.

Box 2: No

"path": "/firstName/?" is in excludePaths.

Box 3: Yes

"path": "/address/city/?" is in includePaths

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/index-policy

You have the following query.

SELECT * FROM с

WHERE c.sensor = "TEMP1"

AND c.value < 22

AND c.timestamp >= 1619146031231

You need to recommend a composite index strategy that will minimize the request units (RUs) consumed by the query.

What should you recommend?

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