Which command makes the shell variable named VARIABLE visible to subshells?
- A . export $VARIABLE
- B . export VARIABLE
- C . set $VARIABLE
- D . set VARIABLE
- E . env VARIABLE
Which of the following files, when existing, affect the behavior of the Bash shell? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A . ~/.bashconf
- B . ~/.bashrc
- C . ~/.bashdefaults
- D . ~/.bash_etc
- E . ~/.bash_profile
Which command allows you to make a shell variable visible to subshells?
- A . export $VARIABLE
- B . export VARIABLE
- C . set $VARIABLE
- D . set VARIABLE
- E . env VARIABLE
What is the purpose of the file /etc/profile?
- A . It contains the welcome message that is displayed after login.
- B . It contains security profiles defining which users are allowed to log in.
- C . It contains environment variables that are set when a user logs in.
- D . It contains default application profiles for users that run an application for the first time.
Which of the following are requirements in order to run a shell script like a regular command from anywhere in the filesystem? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
- A . The user issuing the command must be in the group script.
- B . The script file must be found in the $PATH.
- C . The script file must have the executable permission bit set.
- D . The script must begin with a shebang-line (#!) that points to the correct interpreter.
- E . The file system on which the script resides must be mounted with the option scripts.
Which of the following words is used to restrict the records that are returned from a SELECT query based on a supplied criteria for the values in the records?
- A . LIMIT
- B . FROM
- C . WHERE
- D . IF
Which of the following configuration files should be modified to set default shell variables for all users?
- A . /etc/bashrc
- B . /etc/profile
- C . ~/.bash_profile
- D . /etc/.bashrc
Which of the following commands lists all defined variables and functions within Bash?
- A . env
- B . set
- C . env -a
- D . echo $ENV
When the command echo $$ outputs 12942, what is the meaning of 12942?
- A . It is the process ID of the echo command.
- B . It is the process ID of the current shell.
- C . It is the process ID of the last command executed.
- D . It is the process ID of the last command which has been placed in the background.
How can the existing environment variable FOOBAR be suppressed for the execution of the script./myscript only?
- A . unset -v FOOBAR;./myscript
- B . set -a FOOBAR="";./myscript
- C . env -u FOOBAR./myscript
- D . env -i FOOBAR./myscript
Which of the following words is used to restrict the records that are returned from a SELECT SQL query based on a supplied criteria for the values in the records?
- A . CASE
- B . FROM
- C . WHERE
- D . IF
Which of the following commands puts the output of the command date into the shell variable mydate?
- A . mydate="$(date)"
- B . mydate="exec date"
- C . mydate="$((date))"
- D . mydate="date"
- E . mydate="${date}"
You are looking into a new script you received from your senior administrator. In the very first line you notice a #! followed by a file path.
This indicates that:
- A . The file at that location was used to make the script.
- B . This script provides identical functionality as the file at that location.
- C . This script will self-extract into a file at that location.
- D . The program at that location will be used to process the script.
What keyword is missing from this code sample of a shell script?
____ i in *.txt; do
echo $i
done
- A . for
- B . loop
- C . until
- D . while
Which of the following SQL statements will select the fields name and address from the contacts table?
- A . SELECT (name, address) FROM contacts;
- B . SELECT (name address) FROM contacts;
- C . SELECT name, address FROM contacts;
- D . SELECT name address FROM contacts;
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 1)
What command displays all aliases defined in the current shell? (Specify the command without any path information)
What output will the following command sequence produce?
echo ‘1 2 3 4 5 6’ | while read a b c; do
echo result: $c $b $a;
done
- A . result: 3 4 5 6 2 1
- B . result: 1 2 3 4 5 6
- C . result: 6 5 4
- D . result: 6 5 4 3 2 1
- E . result: 3 2 1
Which of the following SQL queries counts the number of occurrences for each value of the field order_type in the table orders?
- A . SELECT order_type,COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE order_type=order_type;
- B . SELECT order_type,COUNT(*) FROM orders GROUP BY order_type;
- C . COUNT(SELECT order_type FROM orders);
- D . SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders ORDER BY order_type;
- E . SELECT AUTO_COUNT FROM orders COUNT order_type;
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 1)
What word is missing from the following SQL statement?
__________ count(*) from tablename;
(Please specify the missing word using lower-case letters only.)
What benefit does an alias in bash provide?
- A . It provides faster lookups for commands in the system directory.
- B . It creates a local copy of a file from another directory.
- C . It hides what command you are running from others.
- D . It allows a string to be substituted for the first word of a simple command.
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 1)
Which directory in /etc is used to keep a sample copy of files and directories for when a new user has a home directory created? (Please provide the full path)
When the command echo $ outputs 1, which of the following statements is true?
- A . It is the process ID of the echo command.
- B . It is the process ID of the current shell.
- C . It is the exit value of the command executed immediately before echo.
- D . It is the exit value of the echo command.
What output will the following command produce?
seq 1 5 20
- A . 1 6 11 16
- B . 1 5 10 15
- C . 1 2 3 4
- D . 2 3 4 5
- E . 5 10 15 20
What output will the command seq 10 produce?
- A . A continuous stream of numbers increasing in increments of 10 until stopped.
- B . The numbers 1 through 10 with one number per line.
- C . The numbers 0 through 9 with one number per line.
- D . The number 10 to standard output.
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 1)
What word is missing from the following SQL statement?
insert into tablename ________(909, ‘text’);
(Please specify the missing word using lower-case letters only.)
What is the difference between the commands test -e path and test -f path?
- A . They are equivalent options with the same behaviour.
- B . The -f option tests for a regular file. The -e option tests for an empty file.
- C . Both options check the existence of the path. The -f option also confirms that it is a regular file.
- D . The -f option tests for a regular file. The -e option tests for an executable file.
After issuing:
function myfunction { echo $1 $2 ; }
in Bash, which output does:
myfunction A B C
Produce?
- A . A B
- B . A B C
- C . A C
- D . B C
- E . C B A
Which of the following is the best way to list all defined shell variables?
- A . env
- B . set
- C . env -a
- D . echo $ENV
CORRECT TEXT
By default, the contents of which directory will be copied to a new user’s home directory when the account is created by passing the -m option to the useradd command? (Specify the full path to the directory.)
How is a display manager started?
- A . It is started by a user using the command startx.
- B . It is started like any other system service by the init system.
- C . It is started by inetd when a remote hosts connects to the X11 port.
- D . It is started automatically when a X11 user logs in to the system console.
CORRECT TEXT
What is the default name of the configuration file for the Xorg X11 server? (Specify the file name only without any path.)
Which file used by XDM specifies the default wallpaper?
- A . /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup
- B . /etc/X11/xdm.conf
- C . /etc/X11/xdm/Defaults
- D . /etc/X11/defaults.conf
On a system running the KDE Display Manager, when is the /etc/kde4/kdm/Xreset script automatically executed?
- A . When KDM starts
- B . When a user’s X session exits
- C . When KDM crashes
- D . When X is restarted
- E . When X crashes
Which of the following lines is an example of a correct setting for the DISPLAY environment variable?
- A . hostname:displayname
- B . hostname:displaynumber
- C . hostname/displayname
- D . hostname/displaynumber
- E . hostname
X is running okay but you’re concerned that you may not have the right color depth set.
What single command will show you the running color depth while in X?
- A . xcd
- B . xcdepth
- C . xwininfo
- D . xcolordepth
- E . cat /etc/X11
What is the purpose of the Sticky Keys feature in X?
- A . To assist users who have difficulty holding down multiple keys at once
- B . To prevent repeated input of a single character if the key is held down
- C . To ignore brief keystrokes according to a specified time limit
- D . To repeat the input of a single character
CORRECT TEXT
Which command can be used to investigate the properties for a particular window in X by clicking that window? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
Your senior administrator asked you to change the default background of his machine, which uses XDM.
Which file would you edit to achieve this?
- A . /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup
- B . /etc/X11/xdm.conf
- C . /etc/X11/xdm/Defaults
- D . /etc/X11/defaults.conf
Why is the xhost program considered dangerous to use?
- A . It makes it difficult to uniquely identify a computer on the network.
- B . It allows easy access to your X server by other users.
- C . It logs sensitive information to syslog.
- D . It makes your computer share network resources without any authentication.
- E . It is a graphical DNS tool with known exploits.
CORRECT TEXT
What is the name of the simple graphical login manager that comes with a vanilla X11 installation? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
The X11 configuration file xorg.conf is grouped into sections.
How is the content of the section SectionName associated with that section?
- A . It is placed in curly brackets as in Section SectionName { … }.
- B . It is placed between a line containing Section "SectionName" and a line containing EndSection.
- C . It is placed between the tags <Section name="SectionName"> and </Section>
- D . It is placed after the row [SectionName].
- E . It is placed after an initial unindented Section "SectionName" and must be indented by exactly one tab character.
CORRECT TEXT
An administrator wants to determine the geometry of a particular window in X, so she issues the __________ -metric command and then clicks on the window.
Which of the following commands shows the current color depth of the X Server?
- A . xcd
- B . xcdepth
- C . xwininfo
- D . xcolordepth
- E . cat /etc/X11
What is the purpose of a screen reader?
- A . It reads text displayed on the screen to blind or visually impaired people.
- B . It reads the parameters of the attached monitors and creates an appropriate X11 configuration.
- C . It displays lines and markers to help people use speed reading techniques.
- D . It manages and displays files that contain e-books.
For accessibility assistance, which of the following programs is an on-screen keyboard?
- A . xkb
- B . atkb
- C . GOK
- D . xOSK
Which of the following are tasks handled by a display manager like XDM or KDM? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A . Start and prepare the desktop environment for the user.
- B . Configure additional devices like new monitors or projectors when they are attached.
- C . Handle the login of a user.
- D . Lock the screen when the user was inactive for a configurable amount of time.
- E . Create an X11 configuration file for the current graphic devices and monitors.
Which of the following files assigns a user to its primary group?
- A . /etc/pgroup
- B . /etc/shadow
- C . /etc/group
- D . /etc/passwd
- E . /etc/gshadow
On a system using shadowed passwords, the most correct permissions for /etc/passwd are ___ and the most correct permissions for /etc/shadow are _________.
- A . -rw-r—–, -r——–
- B . -rw-r–r–, -r–r–r–
- C . -rw-r–r–, -r——–
- D . -rw-r–rw-, -r—–r–
- E . -rw——-, -r——–
What is the main difference between the batch and at commands?
- A . The batch command will run multiple times.The at command will only run once.
- B . The batch command will run when system load is low. The at command runs at a specific time.
- C . The at command reads commands from standard input. The batch command requires a command line argument.
- D . The at command e-mails results to the user. The batch command logs results to syslog.
Which of the following crontab entries will execute myscript at 30 minutes past every hour on Sundays?
- A . 0 * * * 30 myscript
- B . 30 * * * 6 myscript
- C . 30 0 * * 0 myscript
- D . 30 0-23 * * 0 myscript
- E . 0 0-23 * * 30 myscript
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 3)
Which environment variable should be set in order to change the time zone for the commands run from within the environment variable’s scope? (Specify the variable name only.)
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 3)
The system’s timezone may be set by linking /etc/localtime to an appropriate file in which directory? (Provide the full path to the directory, without any country information)
To prevent a specific user from scheduling tasks with at, what should the administrator do?
- A . Add the specific user to /etc/at.allow file.
- B . Add the specific user to [deny] section in the /etc/atd.conf file.
- C . Add the specific user to /etc/at.deny file.
- D . Add the specific user to nojobs group.
- E . Run the following: atd –deny [user].
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 3)
Which command is used to add an empty group to the system? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
A French user has installed the French language pack, but currencies are still being displayed with a leading ‘$’ sign in his spreadsheets.
What must be done to fix this?
- A . Alter the locale.
- B . Set the timezone correctly.
- C . Edit /etc/currency.
- D . Reinstall the French language pack.
Which file contains the date of the last change of a user’s password?
- A . /etc/gshadow
- B . /etc/passwd
- C . /etc/pwdlog
- D . /etc/shadow
- E . /var/log/shadow
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 3)
The ________ command is used to add a group to the system.
CORRECT TEXT – (Topic 3)
Which file specifies the user accounts that can NOT submit jobs via at or batch? (Provide the full path and filename)
What is true regarding the command userdel –force –remove bob? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
- A . The user bob is removed from the system’s user database.
- B . The user bob’s home directory is removed.
- C . The locate database is updated to drop files owned by bob.
- D . All files owned by bob are remove from all mounted filesystems.
- E . In case bob was the last member of a group, that group is deleted.
Which command will set the local machine’s timezone to UTC?
- A . cat UTC > /etc/timezone
- B . ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
- C . date –timezone=UTC
- D . mv /usr/timezone/UTC /etc
Which commands can you use to change a user’s account aging information? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
- A . usermod
- B . passwd
- C . chattr
- D . chage
- E . chsh
Which commands can be used to change a user’s account aging information? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
- A . usermod
- B . passwd
- C . chattr
- D . chage
- E . chsh
Which command can be used to delete a group from a Linux system?
- A . groupdel
- B . groupmod
- C . groups
- D . groupedit
What is the purpose of the iconv command?
- A . It converts bitmap images from one format to another such as PNG to JPEG.
- B . It verifies that the root directory tree complies to all conventions from the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS).
- C . It displays additional meta information from icon files ending in .ico.
- D . It changes the mode of an inode in the ext4 file system.
- E . It converts files from one character encoding to another.
Which TWO statements about crontab are true?
- A . Every user may have their own crontab.
- B . Changing a crontab requires a reload/restart of the cron daemon.
- C . The cron daemon reloads crontab files automatically when necessary.
- D . hourly is the same as "0 * * * *".
- E . A cron daemon must run for each existing crontab.
How is the file format of /etc/crontab different from a normal crontab file? (Select TWO correct answers)
- A . The /etc/crontab file can specify a year field.
- B . A normal crontab file must be installed with the crontab command.
- C . A normal crontab file allows for environment variable substitution.
- D . The /etc/crontab file has a user field for commands.
Which character in the password field of /etc/passwd is used to indicate that the encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow?
- A . *
- B . –
- C . s
- D . x
What is the conventional purpose of Linux UIDs that are lower than 100?
- A . They are reserved for super user accounts.
- B . They are reserved for the system admin accounts.
- C . They are reserved for system accounts.
- D . They are unused, aside from 0, because they are targets of exploits.
- E . They are used to match with GIDs in grouping users.
Which of the following commands should be added to /etc/bash_profile in order to change the language of messages for an internationalized program to Portuguese (pt)?
- A . export LANGUAGE="pt"
- B . export MESSAGE="pt"
- C . export UI_MESSAGES="pt"
- D . export LC_MESSAGES="pt"
- E . export ALL_MESSAGES="pt"
Which of the following commands can be used to convert text files in one character encoding to another character encoding?
- A . cat
- B . convert
- C . dd
- D . iconv
- E . utf2utf