ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL ISTQB-Foundation Level Exam Online Training

Question #81

Which of the following s the most correct statement about state testing techniques?

A . Static techniques can be used before all code is ready for execution
B . Static techniques find more detects then dynamic techniques.
C . Static techniques can be used by inexperienced users.
D . Static techniques are always cheaper than dynamic techniques.

Question #82

A test manager decided to skip static testing since he believes bugs can be found easily by doing dynamic testing. Was this decision right or wrong?

A . The decision was wrong. Ensuring quality mandates that static testing is performed after performing the dynamic testing.
B . The decision was right. Static testing is usually redundant if a product is planned to go through a full-cycle of dynamic testing.
C . The decision was right. Most of the bugs are easier to identify during the dynamic testing.
D . The decision was wrong. Static testing can find defects early in the development process, reducing the overall cost of testing and development

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Question #83

In which of the following test documents would you expect to find test exit criteria described9

A . Test design specification
B . Project plan
C . Requirements specification
D . Test plan

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Correct Answer: D
D

Explanation:

Test exit criteria are the conditions that must be fulfilled before concluding a particular testing phase. These criteria act as a checkpoint to assess whether we have achieved the testing objectives and are done with testing1. Test exit criteria are typically defined in the test plan document, which is one of the outputs of the test planning phase. The test plan document describes the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of the testing activities. It also identifies the test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, the risks, and the test deliverables2. According to the ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, the test plan document should include the following information related to the test exit criteria3:

The criteria for evaluating test completion, such as the percentage of test cases executed, the percentage of test coverage achieved, the number and severity of defects found and fixed, the quality and reliability of the software product, and the stakeholder satisfaction.

The criteria for evaluating test process improvement, such as the adherence to the test strategy, the efficiency and effectiveness of the testing activities, the lessons learned and best practices identified, and the recommendations for future improvements.

Therefore, the test plan document is the most appropriate test document to find the test exit criteria described. The other options, such as test design specification, project plan, and requirements specification, are not directly related to the test exit criteria. The test design specification describes the test cases and test procedures for a specific test level or test type3. The project plan describes the overall objectives, scope, assumptions, risks, and deliverables of the software project4. The requirements specification describes the functional and non-functional requirements of the software product5. None of these documents specify the conditions for ending the testing process or evaluating the testing outcomes. Reference = ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus

v4.0, Entry and Exit Criteria in Software Testing | Baeldung on Computer Science, Entry And Exit Criteria In Software Testing – Rishabh Software, Entry and Exit Criteria in Software Testing Life Cycle – STLC [2022 Updated] – Testsigma Blog, ISTQB® releases Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0 (CTFL).

Question #84

The following 4 equivalence classes are given:

Which of the following alternatives includes correct test values for x. based on equivalence partitioning?

A . -100; 100:1000; 1001
B . -500; 0; 100; 1000
C . -99; 99:101; 1001
D . -1000; -100; 100; 1000

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Question #85

Which of the following coverage criteria results in the highest coverage for state transition based test cases?

A . Can’t be determined
B . Covering all transitions at least once
C . Covering only start and end states
D . Covering all states at least once

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Question #86

Which of the following lists factors That contribute to PROJECT risks?

A . skill and staff shortages; problems in defining the right requirements, contractual issues.
B . skill and staff shortages; software does not perform its intended functions; problems in defining the right requirements.
C . problems in defining the right requirements; contractual issues; poor software quality characteristics.
D . poor software quality characteristics; software does not perform its intended functions.

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Correct Answer: A
A

Explanation:

Project risks are the uncertainties or threats that may affect the project objectives, such as scope, schedule, cost, and quality. According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, some of the factors that contribute to project risks are:

Skill and staff shortages: This factor refers to the lack of adequate or qualified human resources to perform the project tasks. This may result in delays, errors, rework, or low productivity. Problems in defining the right requirements: This factor refers to the difficulties or ambiguities in eliciting, analyzing, specifying, validating, or managing the requirements of the project. This may result in misalignment, inconsistencies, gaps, or changes in the requirements, affecting the project scope and quality.

Contractual issues: This factor refers to the challenges or disputes that may arise from the contractual agreements between the project parties, such as clients, suppliers, vendors, or subcontractors. This may result in legal, financial, or ethical risks, affecting the project delivery and satisfaction.

The other options are not correct because they list factors that contribute to PRODUCT risks, not project risks. Product risks are the uncertainties or threats that may affect the quality or functionality of the software product or system.

Some of the factors that contribute to product risks are:

Poor software quality characteristics: This factor refers to the lack of adherence or compliance to the quality attributes or criteria of the software product or system, such as reliability, usability, security, performance, or maintainability. This may result in defects, failures, or dissatisfaction of the users or stakeholders.

Software does not perform its intended functions: This factor refers to the deviation or discrepancy between the expected and actual behavior or output of the software product or system. This may result in errors, faults, or malfunctions of the software product or system.

Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, Chapter 1: Fundamentals of

Testing, Section 1.5: Risks and Testing, Pages 14-16.

Question #87

Which sequence of stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting the life-cycle of a defect?

A . S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1
B . S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3
C . S0->S1->S2~>S3->S4
D . S0->S1 ->S2->S3->S5->S3->S4

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Question #88

A Test Manager conducts risk assessment for a project. One of the identified risks is: The sub-contractor may fail to meet his commitment". If this risk materializes. it will lead to delay in completion of testing required for the current cycle.

Which of the following sentences correctly describes the risk?

A . It is a product risk since any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk.
B . It is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party (the sub-contractor) is now managing it
C . It is a object risk since successful completion of the object depends on successful and timely completion of the tests
D . It is a product risk since default on part of the sub-contractor may lead to delay in release of the product

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Question #89

Who of the following has the best knowledge to decide what tests in a test project should be automated?

A . The developer
B . The customer
C . The development manager
D . The test leader

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Question #90

Which of the following are the phases of the ISTQB fundamental test process?

A . Test planning and control, Test analysis and design, Test implementation and execution, Evaluating ex t criteria and reporting. Test closure activities
B . Test planning, Test analysis and design. Test implementation and control. Checking test coverage and reporting, Test closure activities
C . Test planning and control, Test specification and design. Test implementation and execution, Evaluating test coverage and reporting, Retesting and regression testing, Test closure activities
D . Test planning. Test specification and design. Test implementation and execution. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting. Retesting and test closure activities

Reveal Solution Hide Solution

Correct Answer: A
A

Explanation:

The ISTQB fundamental test process consists of five main phases, as described in the ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus, Version 4.0, 2018, Section 2.2, page 15:

Test planning and control: This phase involves defining the test objectives, scope, strategy, resources, schedule, risks, and metrics, as well as monitoring and controlling the test activities and results throughout the test process.

Test analysis and design: This phase involves analyzing the test basis (such as requirements, specifications, or user stories) to identify test conditions (such as features, functions, or scenarios) that need to be tested, and designing test cases and test procedures (such as inputs, expected outcomes, and execution steps) to cover the test conditions. This phase also involves evaluating the testability of the test basis and the test items (such as software or system components), and selecting and implementing test techniques (such as equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, or state transition testing) to achieve the test objectives and optimize the test coverage and efficiency.

Test implementation and execution: This phase involves preparing the test environment (such as hardware, software, data, or tools) and testware (such as test cases, test procedures, test data, or test scripts) for test execution, and executing the test procedures or scripts according to the test plan and schedule. This phase also involves logging the outcome of test execution, comparing the actual results with the expected results, and reporting any discrepancies as incidents (such as defects, errors, or failures).

Evaluating exit criteria and reporting: This phase involves checking if the planned test activities have been completed and the exit criteria (such as quality, coverage, or risk levels) have been met, and reporting the test results and outcomes to the stakeholders. This phase also involves making recommendations for the release or acceptance decision based on the test results and outcomes, and identifying any residual risks (such as known defects or untested areas) that need to be addressed or mitigated.

Test closure activities: This phase involves finalizing and archiving the testware and test environment for future reuse, and evaluating the test process and the test project against the test objectives and the test plan. This phase also involves identifying any lessons learned and best practices, and communicating the findings and suggestions for improvement to the relevant parties.

Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus, Version 4.0, 2018, Section 2.2, page 15; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, pages 37-38; ISTQB CTFL 4.0 – Sample Exam –

Answers, Version 1.1, 2023, Question 88, page 32.