Which of the following is NOT a valid objective of testing?
- A . Preventing defects from being introduced into the code
- B . Investigating and fixing defects in the software under test
- C . Gaining confidence that the system is fit-for-purpose
- D . Providing information for stakeholders’ decision making
During which stage of the fundamental test process is the testability of requirements evaluated?
- A . Test Implementation and Execution
- B . Test Planning and Control
- C . Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting
- D . Test Analysis and Design
A new testing tool has been selected for an organization and a pilot project has successfully completed. The next step is to deploy the tool within the organization.
What is a key success factor in tool deployment?
- A . Estimate a cost-benefit ratio based on a firm business case.
- B . Determine whether benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost.
- C . Provide support for the test team using the tool.
- D . Assessment of organizational maturity, strengths and weaknesses.
Which of the following represents good testing practice for testers, irrespective of the software lifecycle model used?
- A . They should start test analysis when the corresponding development level is complete.
- B . They should be involved in reviewing requirements or user stories as soon as drafts are available.
- C . They should ensure that the same test objectives apply to each test level.
- D . They should minimize the ratio of development levels to test levels to reduce project costs.
А system is being enhanced to simplify screen navigation for users.
Which of the following does NOT reflect structural testing?
- A . To test all paths that users could take through the screen menu system
- B . To ensure that 100% decision testing is achieved for each system component
- C . To test all branches of component calls within the application call graph
- D . To ensure that users can navigate to all fields on the screen
Which of the following is a defect that is more likely to be found by a static analysis tool than by other testing techniques?
- A . Omission of a major requirement
- B . Inadequate decision coverage
- C . Component memory leakage
- D . Variables that are not used improperly declared
You are examining a document which gives the precise steps needed in order to execute a test.
What is the correct definition of this document?
- A . Test design specification
- B . Test condition
- C . Test procedure specification
- D . Test case specification
Which of the following type of defect would NOT be typically found by using a static analysis tool?
- A . A variable is defined but is then not used
- B . A variable is used in a calculation before it is defined
- C . A variable has the wrong numeric value passed into it
- D . A variable is used but not declared
Which of the following would NOT be a common metric used for monitoring test preparation and execution?
- A . Number of Test cases passed and failed
- B . Percentage of planned test cases designed
- C . Number of test plan review comments
- D . Percentage of tasks complete in test environment preparation
Which of the following would you NOT expect to see on an incident report from test execution?
- A . The version(s) of the software under test
- B . The test execution schedule
- C . Expected results and actual results
- D . Precise steps to reproduce the problem
Which of the following would be a good test technique to use when under severe time pressure?
- A . Exploratory testing
- B . Structure based testing
- C . Specification based testing
- D . Use Case testing
Which of the following options BEST explain the pesticide paradox principle of testing?
- A . If we do not regularly review and revise our tests, we’ll stop finding defects.
- B . Repeatedly running a set of tests will ensure that a system is defect free.
- C . Defects are, paradoxically, often contained in a small number of modules.
- D . Testing, like spraying pesticide, is an effective bug / defect removal activity.
During the development of a software change for a system, the developer makes a mistake in his work, which leads to a fault in the code. Unfortunately the fault is not found by software testing and is released into live.
What is the definite consequence of this mistake?
- A . The system will fail, causing a defect.
- B . If the defect is executed, the system may fail.
- C . Loss of money, time, or business reputation.
- D . Contractual requirements have not been met by testing.
Which of the following is NOT a valid use of decision coverage?
- A . Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a single program
- B . Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a business process
- C . Checking that all calls from one program module to another have been made correctly
- D . Checking that at least 50% of decisions have been exercised by a test case suite
You have been asked to improve the way test automation tools are being used in your company.
Which one of the following is the BEST approach?
- A . Selecting and automating scripts that test new functionality to find the most defects
- B . Using a keyword-driven testing approach to separate the actions and data from the tool’s script
- C . Ensuring that all data, inputs and actions are stored in the tool’s script for ease of maintenance
- D . Keeping expected results separate from the automation tool to allow the testers to check the results
Which option BEST describes how the level of risk is determined?
- A . The likelihood of an adverse event happening multiplied by the cost of preventing it
- B . The consequences of a potential problem multiplied by the cost of possible legal action
- C . The impact of an adverse event multiplied by the likelihood of that event occurring
- D . The likelihood and the probability of a hazard occurring
Your task is to compile a test execution schedule for the current release of software.
The system specification states the following logical dependencies:
– An admin user must create/amend/delete a standard user.
– A standard user is necessary to perform all other actions.
The test plan requires that re-tests must be performed first, followed by the highest priority tests. To save time, the test plan states that tests should be scheduled to create test data for the subsequent tests in the schedule.
The following test cases have been designed, with an indication of priority (1 being the highest priority) and whether the test has previously failed.
Which test execution schedule meets the test plan requirements and logical dependencies?
- A . a, d, c, b, e
- B . a, c, b, d, e
- C . e, a, b, c, d
- D . e, a, d, c, b
Your company is developing a system with complex business rules and many branches in the structure of its code components. You need to choose one black box technique and one white box technique for test case design.
Which one of the following offers the BEST choice?
- A . Statement testing and exploratory testing
- B . Decision testing and equivalence partitioning
- C . Decision testing and decision table testing
- D . Boundary value analysis and decision table testing
Which one of the following statements about testing techniques is TRUE?
- A . Exploratory testing can replace black box techniques when testing time is very limited
- B . Test execution scheduling should give priority to experienced based testing
- C . Specification based techniques can be used as a substitute for a poorly defined test basis
- D . Experienced based techniques are systematic and produce detailed test documentation
Which one of the following statements about testing techniques is TRUE?
- A . Exploratory testing can replace black box techniques when testing time is very limited
- B . Test execution scheduling should give priority to experienced based testing
- C . Specification based techniques can be used as a substitute for a poorly defined test basis
- D . Experienced based techniques are systematic and produce detailed test documentation
Which one of the following statements about testing techniques is TRUE?
- A . Exploratory testing can replace black box techniques when testing time is very limited
- B . Test execution scheduling should give priority to experienced based testing
- C . Specification based techniques can be used as a substitute for a poorly defined test basis
- D . Experienced based techniques are systematic and produce detailed test documentation
Duration – The duration of operation, in whole minutes, each time it is switched on, ranging from 1 to 60
Applying 2-value boundary value analysis which of the following options has the correct test set of valid and invalid boundary values?
- A . Frequency 1, 5; Duration 1, 60
- B . Frequency 0, 1, 5, 6; Duration 59 seconds, 1 minute, 60 minutes, 60 minutes 1 second
- C . Frequency 0, 1, 5, 6; Duration 0, 1, 60, 61
- D . Frequency 0, 1, 2, 5, 6; Duration 0, 1, 30, 60, 61
The decision table above reflects a golf club’s pricing structure for green fees and buggy/cart hire.
What is the expected result (actions) for each of the following two test cases (TC1 and TC2)?
– TC1 – Paul is not a full member, is a Loyalty Card holder and requests to play 18 holes with a buggy/ cart
– TС2 – Cheryl is not a full member, doesn’t have a Loyalty Card and requests to play 9 holes with a buggy/cart
- A . TC1 – £23 total charge including buggy hire; TC2 – £21 total charge including buggy hire
- B . TC1 – £18 total charge including buggy hire; TC2 – £16 total charge but no buggy allowed
- C . TC1 – £23 total charge including buggy hire; TC2 – £16 total charge but no buggy allowed
- D . TC1 – £17 total charge but no buggy allowed; TC2 – £21 total charge including buggy hire
Which of the following activities is appropriate to the test planning stage?
- A . Analyzing the test basis
- B . Assigning resources for the planned activities
- C . Designing the test environments
- D . Writing a test execution schedule
Testing effort can depend on a number of factors, which one of the following is MOST likely to impact the amount of effort required?
- A . The predicted number of defects and the amount of network required
- B . The ratio of developers to testers in the project team
- C . The planned use of a project management tool to schedule tasks
- D . The responsibilities for testers and developers being clearly defined
А booking system for a city bus service prices its fares according to the time of travel:
– Peak-time tariff starts at 0600 and finishes at 1000 am
– Off-peak tariff applies during all other times of service
– The bus service does not operate between 2300 and the start of the next day’s peak service
Note that all times mentioned are inclusive.
When applying the equivalence partitioning test design technique, which of the following options shows test case inputs that each fall into a different equivalence partition?
- A . 0600, 1000, 1200
- B . 1001, 1300, 2259
- C . 0100, 0800, 2200
- D . 2400, 1000, 2301
Which of the following is a white-box test technique?
- A . Decision table testing
- B . Exploratory testing
- C . Statement testing
- D . Error guessing
In the above State Table, which of the following represents an invalid transition?
- A . Event C from S3
- B . Event E from S4
- C . Event B from S2
- D . Event D from S4
The decision table above shows a company’s fuel expenses structure.
Which of the following Test Cases based on the decision table are Valid?
Test Case 1:
An employee who is not a car or motorcycle driver attempts to claim fuel expenses. Expected result: Expense claim not allowed.
Test Case 2:
An employee who drives a 1700cc diesel car attempts to claim fuel expenses. Expected result: Expense claim accepted at band C.
Test Case 3:
An employee who rides a motorcycle attempts to claim fuel expenses.
Expected result:
Expense claim accepted at band A.
- A . Test Cases 1 and 3 are Valid. Test Case 2 is Invalid.
- B . Test Cases 2 and 3 are Valid. Test Case 1 is Invalid.
- C . Test Cases 1, 2 and 3 are all Valid.
- D . Test Case 2 is Valid. Test Cases 1 and 3 are Invalid.
Which of the following options describe the causal chain in the correct sequence?
- A . Error, fault, failure
- B . Fault, bug, mistake
- C . Mistake, failure, fault
- D . Failure, bug, error
Which of the following would achieve the HIGHEST level of testing independence for a project’s system test level?
- A . Training developers to design good tests for the test team to execute
- B . Outsourcing test design and execution to a different company
- C . Having the company’s independent test team design and execute the tests
- D . Minimizing contact between testers and developers during test design to avoid bias
When can functional and structural testing BOTH be applied?
- A . System and Component test levels only
- B . All ‘Development’ test levels, i. e. those before Acceptance testing
- C . Component and Component integration test levels only
- D . All test levels
Which of the following options explain why it is often beneficial to have an independent test function in an organization?
- A . To improve defect finding during reviews and testing
- B . To ensure that developers adhere to coding standards
- C . To limit communication between developers and testers
- D . To provide better metrics for the stakeholders
Debugging and Testing are key activities in the software development lifecycle.
Which of the following are ‘Debugging’ activities?
A Identifying a failure
B Locating the cause of failure
C Fixing the defect
D Checking the fix has resolved the failure
- A . a & d
- B . a & b
- C . b & c
- D . c & d
Which of the following does NOT represent one of the three triggers for maintenance testing an operational system?
- A . Data migration
- B . System retirement
- C . System modification
- D . Introduction of a test management tool
А live defect has been found where a code component fails to release memory after it has finished using it.
Which of the following tools would have been the MOST effective at detecting this defect prior to live implementation?
- A . Dynamic analysis tool
- B . Monitoring tool
- C . Configuration management tool
- D . Coverage measurement tool
Why is measurement of code coverage important?
- A . Because 100% code coverage implies 100% coverage of requirements
- B . Because 100% code coverage guarantees that there are no coding errors
- C . Because code coverage can be used to ensure that all code is exercised by tests
- D . Because code coverage can ensure that all decisions are correctly implemented in the code
When considering the roles of test leader and tester, which of the following tasks would NOT typically be performed by a tester?
- A . Prepare and acquire the test data
- B . Set up and check the test environment
- C . Write test summary reports
- D . Review tests developed by others
А system requirement states that up to 100 users should be able to carry out a transaction, with responses returned within 5 seconds.
What type of non-functional testing would you carry out to verify these requirements?
- A . Stress testing
- B . Maintenance testing
- C . Load testing
- D . Usability testing
The following Test Cases have been created for a simple web-based airline booking system.
Test Case 1: Search for an item: Available Flights.
Test Case 2: View selected item in My Flights.
Test Case 3: Login to the system: Login is accepted.
Test Case 4: Select an available flight: item added to My Flights.
Test Case 5: Print confirmation receipt, then exit.
Test Case 6: In My Flights, confirm details and book flight.
Which of the following is the correct logical order for the test cases?
- A . 6, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5
- B . 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 6
- C . 3, 2, 1, 4, 6, 5
- D . 3, 1, 4, 2, 6, 5
Which of the following is a Black Box test design technique?
- A . Decision Coverage
- B . Error Guessing
- C . Statement Coverage
- D . Equivalence Partitioning
Which of the following errors CANNOT be found with structure-based testing techniques?
- A . Memory is leaking
- B . Features are only partially implemented
- C . Data structures that are used before initialization
- D . Division by zero
Which of the following is correct?
- A . Intrusive test tools are that do not exhibit the probe-effect
- B . Testing tools can be used by both developers and testers
- C . Use of testing tools is effective only when done as part of a test automation system
- D . Testing tools allow developers do testing. Use of such tools changes the role of the test team
The following sentences refer to the “Standard for Software Test Documentation” specification (IEEE 829).
Which sentence is correct?
- A . The key to high quality test documentation regimes is strict adherence to this standard
- B . Any deviation from this standard should be approves by management, marketing & development
- C . This test plan outline is relevant for military projects. For consumer market projects there is a different specification with fewer items
- D . Most test documentation regimes follow this spec to some degree, with changes done to fit a specific situation or organization
A software company adopts the V-model as their development life cycle.
Which of the following contains roles of a tester in this company?
- A . Decide what should be automated, to what degree, and how
- B . Review test plans and set up test environments
- C . Coordinate the test strategy with the project managers
- D . Introduce suitable metrics to measure the testing progress
Which of the following is an appropriate reason for maintenance testing?
- A . Bugs found in the field after upgrading the operation system
- B . Bugs found during system testing
- C . Bugs found during unit testing
- D . Bugs found during integration testing
Once a bug is fixed, it should be retested.
What is the term used to define this type of testing?
- A . Reliability Testing
- B . Confirmation Testing
- C . Maintainability Testing
- D . Regression Testing
What is the difference between system integration testing and acceptance testing?
- A . System integration testing is testing non-functional requirements. Acceptance testing concentrates on the functionality of the system.
- B . System integration testing is executed by the developers. Acceptance testing is done by the customer.
- C . System integration testing verifies that a system interfaces correctly with other systems. Acceptance testing verifies compliance to requirements.
- D . System integration testing verifies compliance to requirements. Acceptance testing verifies correct interaction with other systems existing in the user’s environment.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a common test metric?
- A . Percentage of work done in test environment creation
- B . Average number of expected defects per requirement
- C . Number of test cases run
- D . Deviation from test milestone dates
Which of the following is NOT a deciding factor in determining the extent of testing required?
- A . Budget to do testing
- B . A particular tester involved in testing
- C . Level of risk of the product or features
- D . Time available to do testing
What does the term “Pesticide paradox” refer to?
- A . The phenomena where a piece of code that has a lot of bugs is likely to have more hidden, yet unfound bugs
- B . The decreasing efficiency of debugging when done in code that has many bugs
- C . Reduced effectiveness of test cases that are repeated and focused on the same scenarios
- D . The redundancy of testing the same objects in both black and white box techniques
Which of the following test techniques is structure-based?
- A . Control flow testing
- B . Use case testing
- C . State transition testing
- D . Decision table testing
Which of the following test types is a part of the V-Model?
- A . Black-box testing
- B . White-box testing
- C . Experience-based testing
- D . Component testing
Which of the following statements is correct?
- A . Pair programming is done with developer and tester pairing together
- B . Pair programming is an alternative
- C . Pair programming is used usually in waterfall model
- D . Pair programming is, among other things, an informal review method
In foundation level syllabus you will find the main basic principles of testing.
Which of the following sentences describes one of these basic principles?
- A . Complete testing of software is attainable if you have enough resources and test tools
- B . For a software system, it is not possible, under normal conditions, to test all input and output combinations
- C . A goal of testing is to show that the software is defect free
- D . With automated testing you can make statements with more confidence about the quality of a product than with manual testing
Which of the following is an example of black-box dynamic testing?
- A . Code inspection
- B . Checking memory leaks for a program by executing it
- C . Functional Testing
- D . Coverage analysis
Where and by whom is Beta testing normally performed?
- A . By customers or potential customers at their own locations
- B . By an independent test team at the developing organization’s location
- C . At the developing organization’s site, but not by the developing team
- D . By customers or potential customers at the developing organization’s site
Which of the following is NOT an objective of testing?
- A . Finding defects
- B . Providing information for decision-making
- C . Analyzing and removing the cause of failures
- D . Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the software
Which statement about use case testing is true?
- A . The test cases are designed to find defects in the data flow
- B . The test cases are designed to find defects in the process flow
- C . The test cases are designed to be used by real users, not by professional testers
- D . The test cases are always designed by customers or end users
When testing a mission critical system, a high coverage should be achieved.
Which of the following techniques should be implemented as a structural based coverage technique in order to achieve the highest coverage?
- A . multiple condition coverage
- B . decision table
- C . use case testing
- D . statement coverage
Which of the following is NOT an example of a typical risk-based testing activity?
- A . The evaluation of a risk-management tools to decide which tool to use for future projects
- B . The focus of testing is shifted to an area in the system where tests find with more defects than expected
- C . Brainstorming sessions are held with a wide variety of stakeholders to identify possible failures in the system
- D . Tests are prioritized to ensure that those associated with critical parts of the system are executed earlier
The following program part is given:
IF (condition A)
then DO B
END IF
How many test cases are necessary in order to achieve 100% statement coverage?
- A . 1
- B . 2
- C . 4
- D . a very high number
Which of the following tool types is the most useful one for a test manager?
- A . Modeling tool
- B . Static analysis tool
- C . Coverage measurement tool
- D . Defect tracking tool
The following diagram lists various types of operating systems, databases and application servers supported by the application under test.
For complete coverage of all combinations, how many combinations of the above are to be tested?
- A . 11
- B . 5
- C . 45
- D . 3
Which of the following is NOT a factor on which test estimation is dependent upon?
- A . Defect debugging and resolution
- B . The outcome of testing of previous test cycle
- C . Characteristics of the development process
- D . Characteristics of the product
Which of the following is a task of the “Test Analysis and Design” activity of the test process?
- A . Measuring the percentage of prepared test cases with what was actually prepared
- B . Identifying necessary test data to support the test conditions and test cases
- C . Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly
- D . Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning
Which of the following is a task of the “Test Analysis and Design” activity of the test process?
- A . Measuring the percentage of prepared test cases with what was actually prepared
- B . Identifying necessary test data to support the test conditions and test cases
- C . Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly
- D . Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning
Which of the following is a task of the “Test Analysis and Design” activity of the test process?
- A . Measuring the percentage of prepared test cases with what was actually prepared
- B . Identifying necessary test data to support the test conditions and test cases
- C . Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly
- D . Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning
Which of the following is a task of the “Test Analysis and Design” activity of the test process?
- A . Measuring the percentage of prepared test cases with what was actually prepared
- B . Identifying necessary test data to support the test conditions and test cases
- C . Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly
- D . Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning
Visitors aged greater than 65 get a 50% discount off the additional fee.
Age should be an integer of 0 or above.
Weekend means Friday to Sunday inclusive.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
- A . 7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition including age 10.
- B . Thursday is a valid input boundary value
- C . A minimum of 6 valid test cases are derived from boundary value analysis based on input age
- D . $3.01 is a valid output boundary value
Which of the following defect types are LEAST likely to be discovered when using static analysis tools?
- A . Variables that are never used
- B . Coding standard violations
- C . Memory leaks
- D . Uncalled functions and procedures
Out of the following, what is not needed to specify in defect report?
- A . How to fix the defect
- B . Severity and priority
- C . Test environment details
- D . How to reproduce the defect
Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?
- A . Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality
- B . The testing of software demonstrates the absence of defects
- C . Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system
- D . Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities