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Which attack method is specifically designed to compromise the availability of a system?A . PhishingB . Denial-of-service (DoS)C . Man-in-the-middleD . RansomwareView AnswerAnswer: B Explanation: A DoS attack overwhelms system resources, making services unavailable to legitimate users and affecting availability.

Which of the following best describes a zero-day attack?A . Exploiting a known vulnerability without a patch.B . Attacking systems after a vulnerability is patched.C . Using outdated software for malicious purposes.D . Monitoring network traffic for suspicious activity.View AnswerAnswer: A Explanation: Zero-day attacks exploit software vulnerabilities that are unknown...

How does adware affect a system?A . Encrypts system files until a ransom is paid.B . Displays unwanted advertisements, sometimes compromising privacy.C . Deletes critical system files.D . Modifies system settings to reduce performance.View AnswerAnswer: B Explanation: Adware generates unwanted advertisements and may collect user data to target personalized ads,...

What is the role of authentication in data security?A . To protect against phishing attacks.B . To verify the identity of users accessing a system.C . To enable encryption of sensitive data.D . To prevent hardware malfunctions.View AnswerAnswer: B Explanation: Authentication verifies users' identities, ensuring only authorized individuals can access...

Which of these is an example of a technical control in data security?A . Security policiesB . User awareness trainingC . FirewallsD . Incident response planningView AnswerAnswer: C Explanation: Technical controls like firewalls provide automated protection against threats, complementing procedural and administrative controls.

What is the purpose of data masking in data security?A . Encrypt data during transmission.B . Obscure sensitive data for non-production environments.C . Improve data availability in redundant systems.D . Facilitate faster data recovery.View AnswerAnswer: B Explanation: Data masking hides sensitive data by replacing it with fictitious values for use...

Which two are common causes of data breaches?A . Poor password managementB . Hardware malfunctionsC . Social engineering attacksD . Lack of data backupsView AnswerAnswer: A, C Explanation: Weak passwords and social engineering attacks are major contributors to data breaches, often leading to unauthorized access.

What is a key element of ensuring data integrity?A . Implementing strict access controlsB . Using hashing algorithms for data validationC . Encrypting data during transmissionD . Restricting physical access to serversView AnswerAnswer: B Explanation: Hashing algorithms verify data integrity by detecting unauthorized alterations, ensuring data remains accurate and unmodified.

What is the key benefit of multi-factor authentication (MFA)?A . Simplifies password managementB . Enhances system performanceC . Increases security by requiring multiple credentialsD . Eliminates the need for strong passwordsView AnswerAnswer: C Explanation: MFA strengthens access security by requiring multiple forms of verification, making unauthorized access more difficult.

What is the role of intrusion detection systems (IDS) in security?A . Prevent unauthorized access.B . Detect and alert administrators of potential breaches.C . Encrypt sensitive communications.D . Enhance physical security measures.View AnswerAnswer: B Explanation: IDS monitors network traffic and system activity to identify and alert administrators of potential security...